The next generation is poised to transform the quantum revolution from theory into reality. John Martinis, a Nobel laureate and a key figure in quantum physics, believes that while the groundwork has been laid, the future relies heavily on young pioneers to push the boundaries even further. But here's where it gets controversial: should the progress of such a groundbreaking technology be just in the hands of private companies? Or must there be more open collaboration to truly unleash its potential?
John Martinis is widely regarded as one of the most influential physicists of the modern era. As a trailblazer in the quantum computing arena and part of a Nobel Prize-winning team, his contributions have reshaped how we understand and harness quantum phenomena. Notably, he spearheaded Google's groundbreaking "quantum supremacy" experiment. This landmark achievement demonstrated that a quantum computer could perform a specific calculation within seconds—something that would take current classical supercomputers thousands of years to complete.
In a candid interview with Euronews' Greek service, Martinis shared insights into his career journey, the present landscape of quantum research, and the significant hurdles the new generation of scientists must overcome to turn cutting-edge theory into tangible technologies.
Reflecting on the timeline, Martinis noted, "If you consider the Nobel Prize-winning experiment from the mid-1980s, it's astonishing to realize that over forty years have passed since then. Today, we can construct quantum computers capable of conducting complex academic calculations, executing basic algorithms, and allowing us to explore how they function and how to program them." This progress, albeit impressive, marks only the beginning.
The evolution of quantum technology has been anything but straightforward. It started with purely theoretical physics during the 1980s and 1990s. The first experimental prototypes only surfaced in the 21st century. Each developmental milestone demanded an intricate blend of knowledge—combining physics, engineering, programming, and the use of ultra-precise materials.
Martinis highlights an ongoing challenge: despite tremendous advancements, there remain significant barriers. He shares, "I've been part of various efforts, each with unique strengths and weaknesses. One major issue is that much of the current technology development is driven by private companies, and this often leads to secrecy around discoveries. When crucial knowledge isn't shared openly, progress can stall. Thankfully, academic research continues to promote openness, but finding the right balance isn't always simple."
He also cautions that scientists, while usually optimistic, can sometimes underestimate the complexity involved. "Many people underestimate how difficult it is to build a fully functional quantum system that integrates all necessary engineering and technologies," Martinis explains.
The conversation naturally turns to the future of the quantum industry. How near are we to leveraging these technologies in practical, everyday applications? Martinis acknowledges that while the field is maturing, it is also becoming increasingly challenging. "The industry has reached a level of maturity where even someone with my experience finds it difficult to launch a startup and actively develop new technologies," he admits.
Yet, this landscape is bursting with opportunity for younger researchers. "It’s an exciting time for young talent. The career possibilities in quantum computing development are vast," he says. Back when he was a student, these prospects were almost unimaginable. Now, young scientists can join leading research groups, contribute meaningfully to algorithmic innovation or material science, and make a real impact. Remarkably, even individuals without a PhD are making significant contributions. For example, one team member with a computer science background expertly manages the entire network infrastructure.
According to Martinis, the fresh energy, creativity, and boldness of today's young researchers could accelerate the pace of quantum innovation—provided there's cooperation, patience, and understanding of the field's complexity. "What we truly need now is collaboration between universities, private companies, and governments to ensure quantum technology moves beyond experimental labs. It should power breakthroughs in crucial sectors like medicine, cybersecurity, and energy," he emphasizes.
Towards the end of the interview, Martinis shares a lighthearted moment, addressing his heritage, often mistakenly described as Greek. "I'm not exactly sure how that started—maybe someone published it somewhere," he laughs. "Actually, I'm Croatian. My father hails from Kamiza on the island of Isa, near Split in the Adriatic Sea, while my mother was born in the United States. I'm proud of my diverse heritage and love having ties to more than one country. It’s a wonderful feeling."
With his characteristic poise and scientific rigor, John Martinis stands as part of the pioneering generation that established the foundation for what many believe to be the next monumental leap in technology. As he concludes, "The quantum future is no longer just theoretical—it’s already being shaped in the hands of the younger generation."
What do you think? Should quantum technology development be more open and collaborative, or is competition between private companies the best way to drive innovation? Share your thoughts below!
